By Mark A.R. Kleiman. Full text here. Community supervision systems—chiefly probation and parole—handle many more offenders than do the prisons and the jails. Typically, offenders subject to community supervision face only unsystematic attempts to monitor their compliance with probation or parole conditions, and are subject to sporadic and delayed, but occasionally severe, sanctions for non-compliance: a…

By Carla J. Virlee. Full text here.

By Jay Tidmarsh. Full text here. “Trial by statistics” was a means by which a court could resolve a large number of aggregated claims: a court could try a random sample of claims and extrapolate the average result to the remainder. In Wal-Mart, Inc. v. Dukes, the Supreme Court seemingly ended the practice at the federal…

By Mark Seidenfeld & Murat C. Mungan. Full text here. The doctrine of duress allows a party to avoid its contractual obligations when that party was induced to enter the contract by a wrongful threat while in a dire position that left it no choice but to enter the contract. Although threats of criminal or tortious…

By Stephen Rushin. Full text here. In 1994, Congress passed 42 U.S.C. § 14141, a statute authorizing the Attorney General to seek equitable relief against local and state police agencies that are engaged in a pattern or practice of unconstitutional misconduct. Although police departments in some of the nation’s largest cities have now undergone this sort…

By Kim Shayo Buchanan. Full text here. HIV criminalization is difficult to justify on the grounds advanced for it: public health and moral retribution. This Article engages with a third, underexamined rationale for HIV criminalization: sexual autonomy. Nondisclosure prosecutions purport to ensure “informed consent” to sex. However, almost all other forms of sexual deception—including deceptions that…

By Mark D. Rosen. Full text here. Domestic choice-of-law is widely bemoaned for being a chaotic mess, with states using a half dozen different approaches.  But if we praise ‘our federalism’ for allowing states to adopt divergent laws that best reflect their citizens’ distinctive values, why are different tort and family laws across states normatively acceptable…

By Gideon Parchomovsky & Endre Stavang. Full text here. In this Article, we introduce an innovative market-based mechanism designed for the advancement of environmental goals. We propose enacting legislation that would empower (but not force) green firms to transfer a call option over a block of their shares to a publicly traded company of their choice.…

By Jaime Dodge. Full text here. The Supreme Court’s Article III doctrine is built upon an explicit assumption that Article III must accommodate non-Article III tribunals in order to allow Congress to “innovate” by creating new procedural structures to further its substantive regulatory goals. In this Article, I challenge that fundamental assumption. I argue that each…

By Derek W. Black. Full text here. With the introduction of modern zero tolerance policies and harsh approaches to discipline, schools now punish much more behavior than they ever have before. The underlying problem is that not all behavior for which schools are expelling and suspending students is bad or serious. Schools have expelled the…