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States as Shields

By Lindsay F. Wiley | November 30, 2025

By LINDSAY F. WILEY. Full Text. State laws that aim to shield providers of reproductive health and gender-affirming care from the punitive actions of out-of-state officials raise thorny questions. Can the federal courts, Congress, or the Trump Administration require New York officials to enforce a Texas ban on abortion or gender-affirming care against a New…

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Article

AI Companions and the Lessons of Family Law

By Clare Huntington | November 30, 2025

By CLARE HUNTINGTON. Full Text. Virtual friends and lovers powered by artificial intelligence are rapidly moving to the center of our emotional and social lives. Millions of people turn to AI companions every day for conversation, romance, sexual intimacy, therapy, and education. AI companionship holds promise, potentially reducing loneliness, supporting people without access to mental…

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Article

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: A Comparative Constitutional Analysis of Whistleblowing Speech, the Government’s Managerial Domain, and the Imperatives of Democratic Self-Government

By Ronald J. Krotoszynski, Jr. | November 30, 2025

By RONALD J. KROTOSZYNSKI, JR. Full Text. Since issuing its 1968 landmark decision in Pickering, which first recognized that the First Amendment protects government employees’ speech about matters of public concern, the U.S. Supreme Court has proceeded to whittle away First Amendment protections for government employees. The Justices have done so by adopting a series…

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Article

Securitizing the University

By Maryam Jamshidi | November 30, 2025

By MARYAM JAMSHIDI. Full Text. Since October 7, 2023, public and private actors have doubled down on efforts to securitize the American university. In large part, these initiatives aim to quash a vocal pro-Palestine movement that has become highly visible across U.S. campuses since October 7th. In targeting this group, these efforts have variously treated…

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Note

Bare Analysis: Prison Visitor Strip and Body-Cavity Searches and Federal Courts’ Insufficient Fourth Amendment Analysis

By Tristen Lindell | November 30, 2025

By TRISTEN LINDELL. Full Text. Strip and body-cavity searches are among the most egregious invasions of personal privacy that the government can impose. The Fourth Amendment, as interpreted by the Supreme Court, demands that courts thoroughly analyze these searches. Courts must consider not only the suspicion that warranted the search, but the way the search…

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Note

“Pollution Does Not [sic] Discriminate”: Louisiana v. EPA, Disparate Impact, and the Fight for Environmental Justice in a Hostile Climate

By Naomi Brim | November 30, 2025

By NAOMI BRIM. Full Text. Human-induced climate change hurts people. Environmental burdens impact a person’s ability to live freely, in good health, and with loved ones. And in the United States, people in positions of political authority and decision-making—who are predominantly white and high-income—use the legal system to push environmental harms disproportionately onto low-income, Black,…

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Note

The Penalty Is Declined: The NFL’s Exclusive Streaming Agreements and the Limits of Antitrust Law

By William Holt | November 30, 2025

By WILLIAM HOLT. Full Text. The National Football League’s (NFL) decision to grant NBCUniversal’s Peacock streaming service exclusive rights to carry the 2023–24 wild-card matchup between the Kansas City Chiefs and the Miami Dolphins signaled a major shift in the league’s media distribution strategy. Football fans that had long depended on free, over-the-air broadcasts for…

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Articles, Essays, & Tributes

States as Shields

November 30, 2025

By LINDSAY F. WILEY. Full Text. State laws that aim to shield providers of reproductive health and gender-affirming care from the punitive actions of out-of-state officials raise thorny questions. Can the federal courts, Congress, or the Trump Administration require New York officials to enforce a Texas ban on abortion or gender-affirming care against a New…

AI Companions and the Lessons of Family Law

November 30, 2025

By CLARE HUNTINGTON. Full Text. Virtual friends and lovers powered by artificial intelligence are rapidly moving to the center of our emotional and social lives. Millions of people turn to AI companions every day for conversation, romance, sexual intimacy, therapy, and education. AI companionship holds promise, potentially reducing loneliness, supporting people without access to mental…

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: A Comparative Constitutional Analysis of Whistleblowing Speech, the Government’s Managerial Domain, and the Imperatives of Democratic Self-Government

November 30, 2025

By RONALD J. KROTOSZYNSKI, JR. Full Text. Since issuing its 1968 landmark decision in Pickering, which first recognized that the First Amendment protects government employees’ speech about matters of public concern, the U.S. Supreme Court has proceeded to whittle away First Amendment protections for government employees. The Justices have done so by adopting a series…

Securitizing the University

November 30, 2025

By MARYAM JAMSHIDI. Full Text. Since October 7, 2023, public and private actors have doubled down on efforts to securitize the American university. In large part, these initiatives aim to quash a vocal pro-Palestine movement that has become highly visible across U.S. campuses since October 7th. In targeting this group, these efforts have variously treated…

Notes

Bare Analysis: Prison Visitor Strip and Body-Cavity Searches and Federal Courts’ Insufficient Fourth Amendment Analysis

November 30, 2025

By TRISTEN LINDELL. Full Text. Strip and body-cavity searches are among the most egregious invasions of personal privacy that the government can impose. The Fourth Amendment, as interpreted by the Supreme Court, demands that courts thoroughly analyze these searches. Courts must consider not only the suspicion that warranted the search, but the way the search…

“Pollution Does Not [sic] Discriminate”: Louisiana v. EPA, Disparate Impact, and the Fight for Environmental Justice in a Hostile Climate

November 30, 2025

By NAOMI BRIM. Full Text. Human-induced climate change hurts people. Environmental burdens impact a person’s ability to live freely, in good health, and with loved ones. And in the United States, people in positions of political authority and decision-making—who are predominantly white and high-income—use the legal system to push environmental harms disproportionately onto low-income, Black,…

The Penalty Is Declined: The NFL’s Exclusive Streaming Agreements and the Limits of Antitrust Law

November 30, 2025

By WILLIAM HOLT. Full Text. The National Football League’s (NFL) decision to grant NBCUniversal’s Peacock streaming service exclusive rights to carry the 2023–24 wild-card matchup between the Kansas City Chiefs and the Miami Dolphins signaled a major shift in the league’s media distribution strategy. Football fans that had long depended on free, over-the-air broadcasts for…

Headnotes

Commodification, Precarity, and Identity: A Review of Professor Bridget Crawford’s Taxing Sugar Babies

March 21, 2025

By TESSA DAVIS. Full text.

The Liminality of Transactional Relationships

March 21, 2025

By VICTORIA J. HANEMAN. Full Text.

Tax Talk and Taxing Sugar Babies

March 21, 2025

By BLAINE G. SAITO. Full Text.

John Roberts’ Supreme Court: The Triumph of Partisanship and Ideology Over Precedent

April 23, 2025

By DAVID SCHULTZ & JACOB BOURGAULT. Full Text.

Critical Curriculum Design: Teaching Law in an Age of Rising Authoritarianism

April 24, 2025

By RACHEL LÓPEZ. Full Text.

A Great American Gun Myth: Race and the Naming of the “Saturday Night Special”

May 29, 2024

By Jennifer L. Behrens and Joseph Blocher. Full Text. At a time when Second Amendment doctrine has taken a strongly historical turn and gun rights advocates have increasingly argued that gun regulation itself is historically racist, it is especially important that historical claims about race…

Refining the Dangerousness Standard in Felon Disarmament

June 10, 2024

By Jamie G. McWilliam. Full Text. To some, 18 U.S.C. 922(g) is a necessary safeguard that keeps guns out of the hands of dangerous persons. To others, it strips classes of non-violent people of their natural and constitutional rights. This statute makes it a crime…

“Proven” Safety Regulations: Massachusetts 1805 Proving Law As Historical Analogue for Modern Gun Safety Laws

June 10, 2024

By Billy Clark. Full Text. Concerned by the public health threats posed by certain firearms, the Massachusetts legislature enacts a law to set safety standards for firearms in the Commonwealth. Firearm dealers across the State, including some of the leading manufacturers of the day, not…

Curbing Gun Violence Under PLCAA and Bruen: State Attorney General–Driven Solutions to the Surging Epidemic

June 10, 2024

By David Lamb. Full Text. At the same time that the deadly toll of gun violence continues to grow in the U.S., now taking nearly 50,000 lives per year, federal lawmakers and courts have increasingly constrained government authorities’ tools for fighting the epidemic. Pursuant to…

De Novo Blog

PICKING UP THE FLAG ON ILLEGAL PROCEDURE: WHY RULE 41 OF THE FEDERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE NEEDS TO BE UPDATED WITH THE TIMES

April 2, 2020

By: Geoff Koslig, Volume 104 Staff Member The Fourth Amendment’s drafters could have scarcely imagined social media and the internet.[1] For decades, courts have struggled to apply the Amendment to searches of or utilizing new technologies.[2] Recently, courts have struggled with how the Fourth Amendment…

THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE: CYBER-TRESPASS, THE FOURTH AMENDMENT, AND PUBLIC ANCESTRY DATABASES

April 2, 2020

By: William C. G. Wright, Volume 104 Staff Member With the advent of affordable commercial DNA testing services such as 23andMe, Ancestry, and MyHeritage, people are flocking to discover the secrets of their genetic code in unprecedented numbers.[1]  Researchers expect more than 74 million people…

TITS UP: WHY IT’S TIME FOR THE SUPREME COURT TO RULE ON TOPLESS ORDINANCES

April 1, 2020

By: Kathryn Campbell, Volume 104 Staff Member The United States loves to exercise control over cis-women’s bodies.[1] Notably, both federal and state governments seemingly fear the exposure of a cis-woman’s exposed “erogenous” areola—although men have them as well.[2] Perhaps the most archaic way in which…

CAKING ON THE MAKEUP: INCREASED REGULATIONS OF SPECIAL EVENTS HAIR AND MAKEUP ARTISTS IN MINNESOTA

March 29, 2020

By Michaela Liesenberg, Volume 104 Staff Member Nationwide, the wedding industry generates annual revenue of over $78 billion.[1] As weddings are highly photographed events, spouses-to-be spend an average of $225 on hair and makeup services for their special day.[2] In 2019, Minnesota hosted 31,712 weddings…

LET THEM MAKE WINE: DOES THE MINNESOTA FARM WINERY ACT VIOLATE THE DORMANT COMMERCE CLAUSE?

March 29, 2020

By: Jenni Oprosko, Volume 104 Staff Member Minnesota has a long and complex history with liquor laws. In the 1800’s, Minneapolis created a quasi-zoning scheme to create areas where existing anti-salon laws would not apply.[1] In 1919 a Minnesotan, Andrew Volstead, introduced the act in…

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE FOR GREATER PHILADELPHIA v. CITY OF PHILADELPHIA: UNSUPPORTED AS A MATTER OF FACT, UNJUSTIFIED AS A MATTER OF LAW

February 26, 2020

By: Nathan Webster, Volume 104 Staff Member The pay-gap between men and women in the United States is well-established. Hispanic women make 58 cents for every dollar a white man makes.[1] Black women make 67 cents for every dollar earned by a white man.[2] White…

DIRECTIONLESS DIRECTIVES: WHY MINNESOTA SHOULD ESTABLISH AN ADVANCE DIRECTIVE REGISTRY

February 26, 2020

By: Kaitie Eke, Volume 104 Staff Member In recent decades, advance care planning[1] (“ACP”) has gained momentum in the United States.[2] Through advance directives, a person can communicate their preferences and designate agents to make healthcare decisions on their behalf should the individual become incapacitated.[3]…

WHAT’S THE BEEF? CONTROVERSY SURROUNDING THE LABELING OF PLANT-BASED AND CELL-BASED MEAT

February 23, 2020

By Lexi Pitz, Volume 104 Staff Member Meat consumption is a long-engrained tradition in the American diet. Recently, many American meat consumers are motivated to consume plant-based meat for reasons such as health, animal welfare,[1] and environmental impact.[2] The booming meat alternative industry lacks federal…

STAR WARS?: THE RISE OF THE SPACE FORCE

February 13, 2020

By: Sarah Nelson, Volume 104 Staff Member George Lucas’s “Episode IV – A New Hope” served as the impetus for what would become the second-highest grossing movie franchise of all time: Star Wars.[1] The 1977 would-be saga that enthralled audiences worldwide featured Jedi Knights and…

STATES CRYING WOLF: MANUFACTURED CRISIS AND EMERGENCY POWER MANIPULATION

February 11, 2020

By: Abby Oakland, Volume 104 Staff Member Hong Kong was under siege. Mass protests had been ongoing for months, and the government’s attempts to resolve the dispute had fallen short.[1] Tensions between police and protesters continued to escalate, and in a move sparking global criticism,…